Maternal Health and Child Health Systems Assessment Tool Essay

A tool for assessment of health service systems to support maternal health and child health Health during early childhood and pregnancy has long term and wide ranging impacts on the general health of populations. Promotion of good health in pregnancy and childhood are therefore critical activities of primary health care services. Health service systems need to be organised to meet the specific needs of maternal and child care alongside the other major aspects of these services, such as acute and chronic illness care. Health care organisations require practical tools to guide efforts and evaluate changes in maternal and child health. This ABCD Systems Assessment Tool was originally designed for assessing primary care systems support for chronic illness care. The tool is based on the structure, content and principles of the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) survey (Bonomi et al. , 2002) and on the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions (ICCC) Framework (WHO 2002). We have now adapted the Systems Assessment Tool for use in quality improvement activities directed at maternal and child health (MCH). This adaptation is based on key policy reports and research papers relevant to the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary care sector (see list on last page). As for the ABCD Systems Assessment Tool for chronic illness care, this MCH Systems Assessment Tool has been designed for use with health services for Indigenous Australian populations. However, it is expected to be appropriate with minor adaptation for many other settings. The intended purpose of the tool is to support ongoing quality improvement initiatives through systematic assessment of a range of elements of health service systems that have been demonstrated to be important. The tool provides for an assessment of the state of development of health service systems; †¢ guidance on next steps in planning improvements in maternal and child health care; assessment of progress in achieving system improvement. As for the ABCD Systems Assessment Tool, this MCH Systems Assessment Tool incorporates the guiding principles of the ICCC Framework: evidencebased decision making; population focus; prevention focus; quality focus; integration; and flexibility/adaptability. Version 2. 1 Last Updated 30/03/07 Activities and programs relevant to maternal and child health care can be considered in three areas: a) Clinical Services for maternal health through individual health promotion advice, clinical preventive care and the early detection of illness (includes antenatal and post natal clinics/screening, case finding, brief interventions/counselling – generally health centre based, one-to-one activities) b) Clinical services for child health through individual health promotion advice, clinical preventive care and the early detection of illness (including child health clinics, screening, growth monitoring, case finding, brief interventions/counselling – generally health centre based, one-to-one activities) c) Community or Population based programs/activities, ancillary programs for maternal and child health (eg programs or activities designed to promote nutrition, breastfeeding, physical activity, oral/dental health, mental health, environmental health, and to reduce harm from cigarette smoke or alcohol) Each of these three areas of activities is important in the effective prevention and management of maternal and child ill health and the prevention of chronic illness in later years. The quality of systems in place to support each of these three areas of activities or programs may differ quite markedly within the same health centre or health service. The scoring form for this tool provides for distinct scoring of how systems support each of the areas. The prompts provided in this tool are intended only as guidance to some of the sorts of system issues that one might consider for scoring each item of the tool. These prompts are not intended to cover all relevant issues for all services. While there may be some overlap, the elements of the MCH Systems Assessment Tool can be applied separately to the assessment of systems to support a) services for maternal health; and b) services for child health. The use of this tool provides a score for the state of development of different aspects of health centre systems. These scores may be used as a guide for where improvement efforts might be focussed. The scores should be seen as a guide only, and services should base their priorities on the range of information available and the opportunities for improvement in different areas. We will welcome suggestions or feedback from services which use this tool.

Reflect on the Importance of a Child Centered Approach Essay

The whole ethos of a Child Centred Approach is built around the needs of the individual child; the setting should fit to meet to needs of the child, not the other way around. Practitioners should look at the child as a whole- their strengths, weaknesses, abilities, preferred learning styles as well as any Special Educational Needs or disabilities they may have. The Child Centred Approach allows children to choose, make connections and communicate, providing them with the freedom to think for themselves, to explore and search for answers. In early years settings, rather than directing play, practitioners ‘take a back seat’ and see how play develops, providing children the opportunity to become more creative, improve social skills with one another and take control of their learning. Most settings will work in cohesion with outside agencies in order to create an environment accessible for all children, one that allows for every child to participate fully in all aspects of school life. Children with SEN or learning difficulties may require extra/different resources such as larger keyboards and lower desks, and/or 1:1 support in order for them to flourish and reach their own individual goals. Settings should be aware that their building needs to be adapted to allow for wheelchair users, ramps, wider doors, hygiene suites etc. By involving children in the decision and choice making regarding their education, you will provide them with a sense of ownership over their learning, which greatly improves their self-esteem and confidence, as well as enabling them to become more proactive in their learning, in turn furthering their motivation to succeed. Children can access what they are really interested in and therefore excel in this area whilst being supported in less developed areas. This approach and individual target setting creates a closer match between the child and the curriculum; allowing children to learn and develop at their own level/speed, building on their previous knowledge. When a child sees that their opinions have an effect on the care and education provided for them, they begin to value themselves more and their self-esteem and confidence improves greatly.

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper

In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew from the hardships of poverty, while men like Johnny, who tried to fulfill their gender role, were defeated by it. II. 1ST Body paragraph a. In the beginning of the novel, he has found a job, but it is as a low paying waiter and unstable. Even so, he dresses with style, is handsome, and seems content being a singing waiter. He is able to bring home money to his wife, Katie. His daughter, Francie always helps him get his bow tie on and he calls her â€Å"pre-Madonna,† then she eagerly awaits his return with her brother Neely, for he always bring back treats like caviar and oysters. They are a happy family. However, Johnny loses his job and his family becomes more and more hungry, but he can’t help them. He can’t find another job i. In the early 1900’s, men were supposed to provide for their family, but as Johnny Nolan illustrates, this was hard for immigrant men. ii. Perhaps not being in control and not being able to bring home money to his family makes him feel like a waste and a failure, for as the story goes on, he drinks more and more until he dies of alcoholism. Katie tries to help her husband, â€Å"She told him it was a good thing, that suffering would harden him, would teach him such a lesson that he’d stop drinking. But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden. † (P. 98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children will be strong that way. † IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stay within her gender role of remaining in the house, but goes out to work. In contrast, Johnny is unable to be as flexible and his stubbornness in keeping within his gender role and his own idea of his responsibility to his family eventually destroys him ii. Betty Smith does not judge Johnny in her novel, but rather portrays him as a sympathetic and highly likeable, but he is a conflicted and ultimately tragic character. V. Conclusion paragraph a. In the patriarchal society of the early 1900’s that Betty Smith describes in her book â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn†, it would seem logical if women did not fair as well as men in times of difficulty. After all women had fewer rights. They could not vote or get the same wages as men i. By going against gender stereotypes, Katie is able to persevere and overcome poverty, while her husband, Johnny Nolan, who tries to follow them, is defeated iii. In 2012 many women have broken gender boundaries; Hilary Clinton is Secretary of state, Lady Gaga and Beyonce are millionaires and international pop stars. Men too have broken out of gender stereotypes for it is socially acceptable for men to work at home and even earn less than women. In â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, â€Å" however, Betty Smith captures a world, gone now, in which strict gender roles defined a person’s life. But for immigrants, trying to make a start in America, the need to adapt and go against these gender roles was critical. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew from the hardships of poverty, while men like Johnny, who tried to fulfill their gender role, were defeated by it. II. 1ST Body paragraph a. In the beginning of the novel, he has found a job, but it is as a low paying waiter and unstable. Even so, he dresses with style, is handsome, and seems content being a singing waiter. He is able to bring home money to his wife, Katie. His daughter, Francie always helps him get his bow tie on and he calls her â€Å"pre-Madonna,† then she eagerly awaits his return with her brother Neely, for he always bring back treats like caviar and oysters. They are a happy family. However, Johnny loses his job and his family becomes more and more hungry, but he can’t help them. He can’t find another job i. In the early 1900’s, men were supposed to provide for their family, but as Johnny Nolan illustrates, this was hard for immigrant men. ii. Perhaps not being in control and not being able to bring home money to his family makes him feel like a waste and a failure, for as the story goes on, he drinks more and more until he dies of alcoholism. Katie tries to help her husband, â€Å"She told him it was a good thing, that suffering would harden him, would teach him such a lesson that he’d stop drinking. But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden. † (P. 98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children will be strong that way. † IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stay within her gender role of remaining in the house, but goes out to work. In contrast, Johnny is unable to be as flexible and his stubbornness in keeping within his gender role and his own idea of his responsibility to his family eventually destroys him ii. Betty Smith does not judge Johnny in her novel, but rather portrays him as a sympathetic and highly likeable, but he is a conflicted and ultimately tragic character. V. Conclusion paragraph a. In the patriarchal society of the early 1900’s that Betty Smith describes in her book â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn†, it would seem logical if women did not fair as well as men in times of difficulty. After all women had fewer rights. They could not vote or get the same wages as men i. By going against gender stereotypes, Katie is able to persevere and overcome poverty, while her husband, Johnny Nolan, who tries to follow them, is defeated iii. In 2012 many women have broken gender boundaries; Hilary Clinton is Secretary of state, Lady Gaga and Beyonce are millionaires and international pop stars. Men too have broken out of gender stereotypes for it is socially acceptable for men to work at home and even earn less than women. In â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, â€Å" however, Betty Smith captures a world, gone now, in which strict gender roles defined a person’s life. But for immigrants, trying to make a start in America, the need to adapt and go against these gender roles was critical.

Promotional Budget-Magic knife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promotional Budget-Magic knife - Essay Example The heat produced, therefore, has the capability of melting butter in seconds during when it is spread on the bread slices. This makes it easy and simple for butter application process to occur. The knife can also cut ice cream cakes, cupcakes and many others, very simply and in a very easy and efficient way. It makes the cutting process simple and very easy to occur. Being a new product in the market, I will be faced with the challenge of ensuring that the product and its brand penetrate the market and gain popularity among consumers. The only way to do this will be through carrying out promotional services to ensure that the information about the knife and its capabilities and workability is spread to the targeted audiences. The major promotional services or strategies will include the use of radios, television, roadshows, online advertising, print advertising, trade shows, publications, and catalogues and brochures. The choice of the right promotional channel will depend on the prevalence of the targeted audience in that channel. Knives are used by every family households, but it becomes the responsibility of the parents, more so, mothers to purchase them. However, restaurants, butcheries, ice cream parlors, fruit parlors, and food courts also use the knives a great deal. The above chosen media for promotional services will, therefore, be appropriate as they are all accessible to the targeted groups mentioned. However, allocation of funds in the promotional budget will depend on the extent of promotional services in that particular medium as well as the effectiveness of advertising in such a medium (Bizmove, 2013). The promotional budget will be considered to be 23% of the total sales realized. However, as the sales increase due to more awareness creation by advertising, the budget will be increasing. It will, therefore, mean that, if more sales are realized, there will be more investment in

Gibb's Model of Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gibb's Model of Reflection - Essay Example This model can be contrasted to Rolfe’s reflective model which seeks to have three questions: what, so what and now what, answered. Although Rolfe’s model seems to be more structured than Gibb’s, it is shallower. I chose Gibb’s model over Rolfe’s because it is more comprehensive and offers one the chance to examine the best actions to undertake if and when faced with a similar situation. The first step in Gibb’s model is a description of events. What follows here is a description of events. During my clinical practice I was working in a hospital ward designated for the elderly, I admitted a patient who was unconscious. This particular patient was an 81-year old married woman who had had a cerebro -vascular accident, (CVA) a few years prior to the day of admission. The patient could breathe independently though with difficulty. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner indicated that the woman was suffering from brain cancer and the cancer had already covered a large part of the brain. The patient’s husband did not have full comprehension of his wife’s health at that particular moment, and he could not easily accept the doctor’s observation that she had a terminal illness. The doctors did not divulge information regarding the patient’s chances of living. The second stage of Gibbs model of reflection is self awareness in terms of feelings and thoughts. My first thoughts about the even were based on the fact that the patient needed immediate medical attention, but she was incapacitated to make any medical decisions for herself. Not only had she lost physical control of her body, she was not in any position to make clear decisions. The patient could not speak hence she could not make a decision concerning her treatment; neither did she understand the potential risks associated as she was unconscious. When the staff nurse reported to the husband the severity of his wife’s illness, he did not want to accept the fact that his wife might die at any time. I felt that the medical practitioners should have considered the patient’s husband’s position before making any medical decisions for the patient. For the most part, I empathized with the patient and thought how sad I would feel if I had the same illness and not be able to contribute to my own treatment. Empathy can be described as the ability of being able to relate to what another person is feeling or going through (Randall and Downie, 2010). I felt relieved by the presence of a qualified nurse who could assist in the personal care of the patient. However, I kept wondering if Mrs. Smith would have approved of the doctors’ and nurses’ actions were she able to make her own decisions. Stage three of Gibbs model is the evaluation stage, in which judgement is made based on the events that occurred. In my evaluation, the patient received very good treatment, medically. The patient was treated w ith respect, dignity and the best possible care; however, her nearest relative was not treated with as much concern. The husband of the patient was not fully aware of his wife’s condition, and he did not understand the serious state of his wife’s illness. When he was told of her condition, he did not seem to want to accept the fact that she was seriously ill, and it was for this reason that the doctors kept him in the dark regarding her chances of living. I agreed with the doctor’s decision to keep the husband not fully informed of his wife’

Analysis of Business Environment for Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Analysis of Business Environment for Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example The company currently estimates the average drink sales per day at about 1.8 billion with more than 500 brands by 2011, four of which are the world’s top-five sparkling brands. Coca-Cola is one of the only trademarks with the universal presence and became a billion dollar brand in 2010. It has sponsored the biggest sporting events in the world, the Olympic Games and the FIFA world cup for more than 80 years (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012, par.2). The Company has undertaken many social responsibility initiatives including the Haiti Hope Project in 2010 which aimed at developing a sustainable mango industry in Haiti. The company attributes its business success to five main factors which are unique and recognized brand , quality, marketing, global availability and ongoing innovation. This paper will explore the business environment in which Coca-Cola Company operates focusing on among other things its SWOT, competitiveness and value chain. Assessment of the General Environment The general environment consists of the external factors which affect any business. These factors are dynamic and range from Demographic, Economic, Political/legal, Socio-cultural, Technological and Global. All these affect the business of Coca-Cola Company in one way or the other, but two of the most important factors for the Coca-Cola would be the economic and technological factors. The behavior of economies of the countries in which the company transacts business has a great influence on the performance of company products in those countries. Rise in inflation and interest rates trends increases operating costs and reduces production within the industry as well as affecting demand for beverages sold in those markets. When the countries face trade deficits or surpluses, it has an impact on the exchange rate which may be favorable or unfavorable thus increasing or reducing costs of raw materials and products because of increases or decreases in the value of exports/imports. The com pany’s products in those markets are affected accordingly. Economies facing budget deficits, as opposed to surpluses, may increase taxes in order to make up for the deficits, again impacting on Coke’s business in terms of increased business costs. Increase in rates of consumption may favor the uptake of beverages sold by Coca-Cola, but increase in savings by the populace will be detrimental to the company’s business. Changes in GDP levels, as well as business cycles are additional aspects that have an influence on the industry and business in which the company operates under the economic factor. Technologically, industry as well as firm benefits and/or vulnerabilities would be associated with taking or failing to take advantage of new generational purpose technologies, research and development, converging technologies and process architectures as part of the aspects of technology. In addressing business environment, competition is a key element that always comes to mind. The five forces of competition that are employed to establish the position of the company relative to its competitors in the industry as given by Porter are potential of new entrants, bargaining power of

Funding Proposal and Community Partners Research

Funding and Community Partners - Research Proposal Example tutes 50.3% of the total children population in Philadelphia, yet 73% of the total children population in the foster care in Philadelphia is constituted of black children (DAlmeida, 2013). The major problem associated with this problem is poverty. The National Bureau of Statistics has shown that the African Americans families in the USA are disproportionally poor. According to the 1999 statistics, African Americans form 12.9% of the total USA population, but the percentage of the African American families that are poor is 23.6% (McRoy, 2005). 22.9% of the population in Philadelphia lives in poverty, with 18.4% of all families in Philadelphia living under the poverty line, and most concerning, 31.3% of population under the age of 18 years in Philadelphia living in poverty (United States Census Bureau, 2010). Thus, The Humanitarian Agency seeks to support the poor families whose children have been placed in foster care in Philadelphia, as a way of facilitating the reunification of the children with their families. Children would have a better chance of realizing their destiny if they are reunited back and grow together with their families. Most families in Philadelphia are separated from their children, mostly due to the inability of the families to provide their children with a better home environment that would foster healthy children growth (United States Census Bureau, 2010). The result is trauma both to the families and their children associated with loss and separation. The requirements for reuniting the children back with their families are high and expensive for the poor families in Philadelphia. The cost of maintaining the children in foster care is also high. There is therefore a dire need to resettle the children in foster care in Philadelphia back to their homes. Thus, The Humanitarian Agency seeks to serve this community needs through: ii) Facilitate the reunification of children and their families through supporting home renting, mortgaging,

Corrections Module 4 Writing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corrections Module 4 Writing - Coursework Example This is where the defendants are screened and interviewed to determine who is eligible for a pre-trial release. The other is the supervision function. At this stage, the defendants are supervised after their release into the community. A jail can be defined as a confinement facility that usually operates under city or county regulations. They are, however, managed by the government’s law enforcement agency in that area. There are some differences that exist between jails and prisons. One is the authority that governs each. Jails are operated by local governments while prisons by the federal government. The second being the type of people they hold. Prisons hold convicted felons whose sentencing is of more than one year, while the jail is people with minor sentences. The detention functions of jail include housing suspected criminals from going back into society to cause more harm. This is after screening has been done to determine if they are qualified for release. The confinement functions require much more than the detention. This is because in confinement, the defendants need more attention and more care, while the facilities need to be more secure. The mental and physical needs of the defendants must also be catered for. There have been improvements that have led to the better supervision of inmates in jail. This is by improving the living conditions of inmates in jail. The security and safety of inmates has also become a priority to the correction system. Much more attention is given to inmates arriving in jail so as to better understand who the system is dealing with. This is usually carried out by the jail staff. This redesign has led to the better supervision of defendants who range from the most dangerous to the least. The system has been designed to take in fingerprints, photos, and even allow phone calls to the defendants’ friends, and immediate contact. This enables the staff to determine the defendant’s security

The History Of My Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The History Of My Family - Essay Example Moving to the new land was, however, not a bed of roses. It meant that they had to go where it was occupied. During those times, the legal system was still unknown. Therefore, when it came to land ownership, my ancestors had to fight. If they win, then they take over the ownership of the land. When my ancestors, therefore, migrated, they went to a place, which was occupied by a different race. On realizing my ancestors’ arrival, the natives were not at ease. They thought that my ancestors were going to take over their resources. Therefore, they discriminated and prejudiced them, hoping that they will feel unwelcomed and would eventually leave. However, my ancestors were strong and courageous. The discrimination that was seen when it came to watering the livestock was not something to scare my ancestors. Though the natives would go and try to prevent other people, especially of other races from getting access to the watering points, my ancestors still found their way to the wat ering points, especially because they were strong and daring. Grazing grounds were the other places where discrimination was evident. However, owed to the determination of my ancestors to feed their livestock, they made their way through the opposition. Due to the kind of livelihood, which was seen during the times of my ancestors, my foster father told me that the use of ethnic or racial slurs was something normal among my ancestors. The livelihood of those times called for a lot of competition for limited resources.... However, my ancestors were strong and courageous. The discrimination that was seen when it came to watering the livestock was not something to scare my ancestors. Though the natives would go and try to prevent other people, especially of other races from getting access to the watering points, my ancestors still found their way to the watering points, especially because they were strong and daring. Grazing grounds were the other places where discrimination was evident. However, owed to the determination of my ancestors to feed their livestock, they made their way through the opposition. Due to the kind of livelihood, which was seen during the times of my ancestors, my foster father told me that the use of ethnic or racial slurs was something normal among my ancestors. The livelihood of those times called for a lot of competition for limited resources. Therefore, often, the neighboring races constantly did many things that in one way or the other, offended my ancestors. Among these thi ngs were refusing my ancestors to cross their territories, being jealous of my ancestors’ possessions, and bewitching their animals. Therefore, my ancestors were always honest. They always said the truth, and therefore, when they found the races being associated with any evil thing, they addressed them in the same evil thing. For the mean races, they called them. On the other hand, when they found some races bewitching their livestock out of jealousy, they referred to them as bewitchers. They did this so that their children would know how to be careful with these people. The use of slurs generally was a means of cautioning the next generation, so that when it came to such issues as marriage or other associations, they would be careful with such

ECON 3498 HW7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECON 3498 HW7 - Assignment Example ovariance matrix without a degrees of freedom correction from a VAR(p)model, cT is a sequence indexed by the sample size T ,and φ(n, p) is a penalty function which penalizes large VAR(p) models. For the last few years, the claim that an increase in economic growth leads to an increase in inflation and that decreased growth reduces inflation. All other things being equal, an increase in economic growth must cause inflation to drop. Under the assumption of sticky nominal wages (traditional Keynesian asymmetry), negative monetary shocks have greater real impact than positive monetary shocks. According to Ravn et al (1999), sticky nominal wages will render the aggregate supply curve convex. In the extreme case, the aggregate supply curve is vertical at the point where the nominal wage is in equilibrium. A positive monetary shock will increase aggregate demand along the vertical segment of the aggregate supply curve leaving real economy unchanged, at least in the short run. Residuals from this regression show changes in the intended funds rate not taken in response to information about future economic developments. The resulting series for monetary shocks should be relatively free of both endogenous and anticipatory actions.† To measure the effects of monetary policy on output it is enough that the shock is orthogonal to output forecasts. The shock does not have to be orthogonal to price, exchange rate, or other forecasts. It may be predictable from time t information; it does not have to be a shock to agents or the Fed’s entire information

History, strength of provisional government Essay Example for Free

History, strength of provisional government Essay How far was the provisional government responsible for its own downfall? During the brief period of rule by The Provisional Government, Russia was troubled by several domestic issues that the provisional Government failed to sufficiently deal with when eventually led to their down fall in 1917. Their failure to fulfil the needs of the peasants, which was a big domestic issue, was a factor that led to their loss of support and in addition their failure to suppress the opposition led to their downfall. The instantaneous cause for their collapse was the fierce take over from the Bolsheviks led by Lenin. However the main factors that led to their downfall was their decision to continue in the war because it has worsened the issues that The Provisional Government failed to tackle which then led to loss of support from the bulk of the population and more importantly the army which they relied upon to defend The Provisional Government such as the July Days. In addition their decision to delay the elections gave the Bolsheviks a chance to take power. As a result, Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to increase their support rapidly and take over so therefore The Provisional Government can be largely held responsible for their own downfall. Russia’s continuation in the war after the abdication of the tsar was the main reason for the down fall of The Provisional Government because it increased the issues that Russia faced already which worsened their respect and support as it was their decision to do so. As a result of this, they lost support of the army because they were losing in the war as they lost territory, soldiers and unprepared to go to battle. This decreased the soldier’s moral which eventually led to the breakdown of military discipline. This eventually led to radical parties having an increase of support because they were against the continuation of the war such as the Bolsheviks because they promised to end Russia’s involvement in the war. In addition, the continuation of the war meant that the issue of food shortages caused unrest amongst the population towards The Provisional Government. The Provisional Government also had little control over the countryside and also lacked the ability to impose their authority in its outside cities and towns. As a result the peasants took action which therefore undermined The  Provisional Governments authority. Many peasants took land from landowner’s whilst some engaged in violence. The Provisional Government was losing its authority in parts of Russia. The main reason for the lack of control was because The provisional Government lacked in legitimacy and due to this the public turned away and went to more radical parties such as the Bolsheviks. The peasants turned to the Bolsheviks because in the April Thesis, Lenin promised to address the land issue which The Provisional Government failed to do. And due to his, The Provisional Government support decreased and Bolsheviks support increased. The authority of The Provisional Government significantly weakened in June when they launched an attack on the Austro-Hungarian army. This was a utter failure and led to the breakdown of the Russian army. The soldiers leaving the front lines met and formed an Anti-Government rally in which they demanded all political power should be handed to the soviets. Furthermore other troops formed a Provisional Revolutionary Committee to campaign against the government. In addition only the government can be blamed for the events of the â€Å"July Days† because it was them who’s idea it was of the June offensive and therefore as a result, the July Days. By August 1917 Russia seemed on the verge of chaos because peasants were seizing land, industrial production was failing and soldiers were rebelling. Although the Provisional Government had survived, the demonstrations of the July Days brought a fatal blow to the position of The Provisional Government. Kornilov had feared a â€Å"coup d’à ©tat† and released imprisoned Bolsheviks and armed them to help the government. This was a blow as Bolsheviks membership increased and now they were given weapons, they did not give them back. The Kornilov Affair made the Bolsheviks look like the â€Å"defenders of Petrograd† so their numbers increased. As a result of The Provisional Government continuing in the war, opposition towards them grew. They also failed to suppress the opposition which led to opposition (Bolshevik) increase support. The Provisional Government also failed to meet the demands of the public so therefore making them turn to more extreme parties. The Bolsheviks were the biggest threat to the government because of their popularity, aims, guidance and methods. Overall, although The provisional Government had face many problems, it was the Bolsheviks that caused the eventual downfall of the government. It is not wholly The Provisional Governments fault for their own downfall because some of the problems they had inherited and as soon as they came into power they were already un-liked despite them playing a major part in it. The country side was already in chaos so that was not their fault and the April Thesis, Lenin’s speech, they could not be held responsible for that either. On the other hand, The Kornilov Affair, The June Offensive and the domestic issues were their fault as they did not address the issue leading to the radicalisation of the public. The Provisional Government did have a huge part to play in their own downfall because of their decision t continue in the war which enhanced/intensified the present issues.

Utilitarian View on Modern Day Situations Essay Example for Free

Utilitarian View on Modern Day Situations Essay Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the traditional understanding that the right act is the act which will actually, or most probably produce the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure throughout the world. The view was most famously founded by Jeremy Bentham, and later adapted by John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of an event rather than following strict rules and in general can be classed as a type of naturalism that offers a reductionist approach to ethics. Natural Law Natural Law is the theory that all humans can discover what is right, due to moral being written into our nature in some way. This theory suggests that there are some absolute ethical standards are the set by the way the universe is and the way humans are. Natural law lies a great deal of importance on applying reason and science and the use of inherent values such as fairness. Situation Ethics Situation ethics are based on the principle of love, and how all right and good actions result in the greatest amount of love as a result. Due to this, human beings should always act lovingly but the values of acting lovingly largely depend on the situation and cannot be predefined, instead the values of situation ethics are free to change in any shape or form from example as they relate the circumstances. Proportionalism Proportionalism is neither deontological or teleological, but rather it lies somewhere in between the two. It is an extension of Natural law, that can be easily compared with rule utilitarianism. It has moral rules (generally of the Christian variety) and says that it is never right to go against a principle unless there is a proportionate reason which would justify it. So some things are always right or wrong, but in certain situations it could be tolerated, e. g. murder is always wrong, but there may be an exception in a just war. Toleration is not saying something is right or wrong, but rather is used to choose the lesser of two evils. Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics describe the right action to be the action which a virtuous person would do in the same situation, and for this reason, Virtue Ethics are not absolute, they are relativist. Instead of looking at the consequences of a particular action Virtue Ethics looks at the character of the individual and as a result provides us with guidance of what are the ideal characteristics of a good person. Utilitarianism Perspective In Vitro Treatment Even though IVF has been criticized because many people think that it is an unethical method of creating a child, utilitarians have said that it can bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people, yet some people do not see how. Bentham’s hedonic calculus enables us to find out whether or not IVF will bring about this about. When Bentham came up with the idea of the hedonic calculus he asked seven questions that all try to predict. Regarding the length of the effects of IVF treatment, the answer to is that the effects will last a life time. When creating a child you don’t expect the effects to last for a short period of time, you want them to last for the rest of your life and the rest of the child’s life. For example the first test tube baby, Louise Brown, is now actually a mother herself. Furthmore, there is also the case of whether the embryo will attached to the inside of the mother womb and investigations have shown that there is a one in five chance that this will happen, even though this may seem a high risk factor there is a twenty per cent chance of at least one of the eggs taking if ten are fertilised. As a result of this IVF treatment, both the mother and the father will be greatly effected in the majority, because they will have to donate their zygotes and then have them fertilised. Afterwards the woman will have to have the eggs implanted into her womb and even then the embryos may not take. There is also the financial side to this treatment, it costs a lot of money and even then the embryos might not take to the woman’s womb therefore it would just be like burning money because it is, in a sense, money wasted. The doctors will be affected because what they are doing is hard work, but they will be affected in a good way because they are getting paid a lot of money for this. There is no saying how many lives the child will affect in the future. That maybe is one of the drawbacks of IVF treatment, the child might grow up to be hooked on drugs or be a rapists or serial killer but then don’t you take that risk with any child? Then the weakness is in Bentham’s hedonic calculus i. e. it is not possible by any means to predict the future yet we still try to through means like this. The IVF treatment could also take as long as you want it. Then there would of course be there is the process of waiting for the baby to be born if the IVF is successful but it could be born late or early, so again we cannot predict the future because of the fact that it is too uncertain. The final and question is whether the act of IVF treatment will cause happiness or un-happiness in the future, and my answer to this is that the future is so uncertain it is almost impossible to predict what is going to happen. From the evidence above it is clear that a utilitarian wouldn’t support IVF treatment, because it isn’t certain whether or not this treatment would avoid pain and create the most amount of happiness, because the IVF treatment might not be successful and then there is a lot of money wasted on embryos that didn’t work. There might be a lot of future un-happiness more so than future happiness. Then there is the factor that the IVF treatment takes a long time and might not last a long time because the baby may miss-carry. This is definitely one of the drawbacks to utilitarianism, because the future is so uncertain it is not possible to predict whether or not this baby will become something that will go onto help others and create happiness or be something that ruins peoples lives and ruins their own lives. Natural Law Perspective In Vitro Treatment The underlying principal of natural law is that as God has created us then we should let nature take its course. In doing this, we are therefore allowing the will of God to be performed. If you take this stance then clearly you would be against any form of fertility treatment. This type of treatment is seen as interfering with nature and therefore offends the principles of Natural Law. If a woman cannot conceive then it is natures way of saying that she should not have children we should not interfere with that decision is the view of the proponents of natural law. They would also be against genetic engineering and designer babies. Utilitarianism Perspective Voluntary Euthanasia The definition of the word Euthanasia is A good and peaceful death. Utilitarianism is a moral theory which stresses that the goal of moral endeavour ( or to put it another way, the measure) is the production of Good. any action is to be assessed by their production of good consequences. If the definition of Euthanasia is applied then as it is supposed to bring about good in the form of a peaceful death then utilitarianism can be brought into play because the result is good the action must be morally correct. Natural Law Perspective Voluntary Euthanasia Natural law holds that human beings by nature do good and avoid evil and these goods are observable goals that we are fundamentally born with in our nature. Natural Law deals in moral absolutes that cannot be broken regardless of the situation, The end never justifies the means, so no amount of suffering can justify an evil act. To aspect of protecting the innocent is seen to be very important by those that follow Natural Law, therefore it would seem that euthanasia is always wrong. However, the principle of the double effect must not be disregarded. As whilst it is seen as wrong to kill, is giving someone pain relief if a secondary effect is that they die wrong? In this situation, you are asking Is death a proportionate outcome? For this reason, while Natural Law doesnt support active euthanasia, I believe that in some cases it might well allow an action whose intention is merely to relieve pain, even if the action leads to death. The Implications of Benthams Theory on Animal Treatment In my opinion Jeremy Bentham would claim that the morally relevant question about animals is not Can they reason? or Can they talk? but, Can they suffer ? And, animals do in fact suffer, and do in fact feel pain. Therefore he would argue that pain is an intrinsic evil whether it is experienced by a child, an adult, or an animal. If it is wrong to inflict pain on a human being, it is just as wrong to inflict pain on an animal. For this reason, animals should be treated with the same amount of respect as human beings are treated as it has yet to be proven, it will likely will never be proven, that animals do not suffer. Why punish criminals? Utilitarian Perspective According to utilitarianism our duty is to do whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the world. Utilitarians view punishment as treating people badly, by taking away their life or freedom through capital punishment and imprisonment. In Bentham’s own words, he wrote, â€Å"all punishment is mischief: all punishment in itself is evil. † So what do Utilitarians think about capital punishment? At first it may seem obvious that they oppose it, because by punishing someone, this person will suffer thus will be unhappy. Because punishment is a means of producing suffering, nd suffering is bad, punishment can only be justified on utilitarian grounds if the amount of suffering is outweighed by benefits to society and that good cannot be produced in any other way that does not involve suffering. In other words, if punishment will bring about more good than bad for society, and that good cannot be produced in any other more advantageous way, then it can be justified on utilitarian grounds. Here are many ways where punishment can benefit society: First, capital punishment can help to reduce crimes by being a deterrent to would-be criminals. Someone who is tempted to commit a crime might not commit the crime now that he knows that he would be punished, thus introducing the threat of punishment. Second by making people who have already committed crimes incapable of committing future crimes. By executing criminals, they will be taken off the streets, they will be removed from this life, and further crimes that they were going to commit will be avoided. In this way there will be less unhappiness. Third, the act of capital punishment may in some case provide comfort and gratification for the victim’s family. The victim’s family may be comforted if they knew that the killer has received what he deserves. In conclusion, a utilitarian would advocate the death penalty only if it is the only way of generating benefits to the society which are greater than any harms, or evil which its use may cause. A society might be happier to know that a murderer can never kill again, and it may in fact make the murderer himself happier with his life ending immediately rather than spending his whole life imprisoned. How does Mills approach to justifying any majority inflicting pain on the minority address the difficulty of Benthams hedonic calculus? Mills approach to pleasure wasnt simply based on quantity, he instead described there to be two levels of pleasures, higher and lower. The higher pleasures were intellectual pleasures, whilst the mower pleasures were purely sensual. Mill also stated that most ordinary people should generally follow the traditional moral rules rather than calculate every situation. This is the reason why some people state that then surely John Stuart Mill is a Rule Utilitarian, who should generally following moral rules, even if the rules are decided through Utilitarianism. How does Rule Utilitarianism prevent the justification of executing any minority, as issued by the majority? Rule Utilitarianism ensures that the traditional moral rules should be followed, therefore whilst rules are in place, these rules may be decided by Utilitarianism. This will prevent extreme cases from taking place and general rules in society being overturned by the majority.

Advantages Of Organisational Change Commerce Essay

Advantages Of Organisational Change Commerce Essay The crux of this report is a discussion on organization change and whether the changes are good or it does damages that are not reparable. Firstly, organisational change is an essential part of todays globalised work life. In moderns economy, teams and organisations face rapid change like never before. Globalisation has not only boosted the markets and opportunities for more development and profit, it also provides opportunities for organisational members to process. However, in general, change processes make demands on both employees and management, regardless of the content of the change process. Facing of the tide of globalisation, one of the dominant disputes that human resource professionals face is what method to improve organisational competitive advantage in the hastily changing environment. Organisational change come about multiple reasons, it is undertaken to ameliorate the accomplishment of that particular organization or a portion of the organization, for instance, a proc ess or team. For organisations to be able to prosper, it is essential for them to go through an important alteration at different sections during their growth. Significant organisational change occurs when the overall strategy of an organisation changes, for instance, in order to achieve appropriate outcomes, accumulation or take away a big portion or usual procedure, and/or desire to alter the nature on how it works. Organisational change can bring about pros and cons. Advantages of Organisational Change Change can assist a business to keep up with industry trends, making it more appealing to promising consumers as well as maintaining present consumers. For instance, one way to make sure that a business does not fall behind when an opponent established and markets a successful new product is by establishing and advertising a related product of its own. In the process of organization change, employees will be able to acquire new skills, seek new opportunities and exercise their creativity in ways that eventually favors the organization through extra ideas and increased commitment. Knowledge transfer takes place during the process when people have idiosyncratic information that is valuable to other people, and thus learning takes place during the change. In addition, the capability to clasp change can assist employees in a business by developing new opportunities. For instance, a worker who actively applies himself/ herself to learning the new office technology can also train others who are more uncertain. This leadership role has caused the employee to position himself/ herself as a person who has the ability to guide others and is capable of assuming extra responsibilities, making her a credible candidate for approaching promotion. Furthermore, businesses that are capable at handling or even embracing change can promote an environment that stimulates innovation. Employees will be more willing to think in a more creative manner if their ideas are acknowledge by a manager or the business owner. By stimulating employees to think in a more creative manner will enable a business grow in long run. Either a good product or a marketing idea will enables a small business to achieve it success. Finally, an erudite or personnel change in an organization can result in employee attitudes and morale being positive. When there is a change in human resources philosophy, it enables a much relaxed work ambience, for instance, dress down day on Friday; this kind of idea will definitely make the employees overjoyed. When an inflexible manager is substitute with one who always listens to employees ideas and feedbacks, employees will feel that their efforts are acknowledged and that they will give in their best regarding their job functions. Disadvantages of Organisational Change When major change takes place, the impact of transformation of an organisation can be effective and may frequently create complicated challenges. Change can present a risk and certain level of danger. The end results can be very costly and sometimes beyond recovery in terms of time, money, human resources, or equipments. It is known that human nature oppose change, especially if it is perceived to influence ones lives adversely. When an organsation is undergoing organisational change, such as: re-structuring, or merging, it will result in employees going through the feelings of tension, stress, and uncertainty, which results in the impact on employees productivity output, achievement, and engagements toward the organisation (Ashford, et. al., 1989). In other words, the aftermath can be out of discipline. The norm prefers foreseeable future but change disrupts it, which cause confusion and potentially an erosion of assurance. An employee lose confident and their ideas are not supported and acknowledge by the higher management may increase the stress of the employees and this might lead to staff not performing well in their daily work routine. Secondly, during organisational change, staff members might experience loss of attachment. Most of the time, change requires working with new members, such as a new leader, or a new team. Gradually, employees will feel attached and develop a sense of faithfulness to their colleagues. Having to break up this faithfulness, can often be pressurised and make people anxious. Employees feel that the environment is doubtful, low tolerance of ambiguity, less freedom and ideal time for work, thus they will are unwilling to take risk, and therefore becoming less motivated and committed to making contributions. Thirdly, organisational changes might lead to staffs having low morale. When the staffs opposed a change that is taking place in the workplace, they become less confident and felt hopeless about their professional future with the organisation. This is specifically so when there is a deficiency of communication within the organisation regarding the change. Lowered morale can disperse throughout the whole company, which will result in issues with both recruiting and retention of the workers. Lastly, organisation change may result in less efficiency in employees. This is due to the employees spending much time focusing on withstanding the changes taking place in the organisation, which will results them becoming less attentive in their daily work routine which is affiliate with their jobs. Being less attentive in their work will reduce the level of adeptness and achievement among staff; this can influence the organisations fundamental. In reality, a decreased level of adeptness is the main reason why there is an organisation change, as changes are frequently build to reform a more cogent and productive company. Conclusion Change within an organisation will enable some type of improvement within an organisation. Even though the main intention is to bring out positive effects, but these changes frequently brought about some affection and sensation to those who are affected indirectly and directly. Although change may be a certain portion of handling profession, it is often not welcomed by employees, leaders or owners of the business. Employees are afraid to leave their comfort zone or they are afraid that they are not able to adapt to a different situation. Changes can affect a business success in long run and have a positive impact on it, while on the other hand a change that is short term can be agonizing. In addition, change cannot be avoided. Some types of changes that will tend to affect employees such as reducing bonus, reducing monthly salary or even take away their benefits. All this changes might result in employees being devastated, especially to those who are the sole breadwinner. It is a challenge for organisations to make adeptness and betterment within its anatomy, while at the same time managing employees self-esteem and support for the organization and its responsibility. In conclusion, if changes are made, especially large-scale reorganisations, it is essential to communicate and associate all of the employees to the extent in which it can ensure a successful development.

New Law :: essays research papers

CBS) Attorney General John Ashcroft denounced Tuesday's Supreme Court ruling that overturned a law banning computer simulations and other fool-the-eye depictions of teen-agers or children having sex, saying it would make prosecutions more difficult. Where possible, he said, the Justice Department will restructure prosecutions it has brought to pursue "general obscenity charges against those who have victimized children." Child pornographers "will find little refuge" in the decision, he said. "We will continue to use whatever resources we can to identify and prosecute child pornography cases to the fullest extent of the law." Ashcroft also said that he was eager to work with Congress to revise the law. Youthful sexuality is an old theme in art, from Shakespeare to Academy Award-winning movies, the court found in striking down the 1996 child pornography law on free speech grounds. The law would call into question legitimate educational, scientific or artistic depictions of youthful sex, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote for a 6-3 majority. "The statute proscribes the visual depiction of an idea — that of teen-agers engaging in sexual activity — that is a fact of modern society and has been a theme in art and literature throughout the ages," Kennedy wrote in a decision joined by four other justices. Clarence Thomas, one of the court's most conservative justices, wrote a separate opinion agreeing with the outcome. The court invalidated two provisions of the Child Pornography Prevention Act as overly broad and unconstitutional. Free speech advocates and pornographers had challenged the law's ban on material that "appears to be" a child in a sexually explicit situation or that is advertised to convey the impression that someone under 18 is involved. Another section of the law was not challenged, and remains in force. It bans prurient computer alteration of innocent images of children, such as the grafting of a child's school picture onto a naked body. CBS News Correspondent Bob Orr reports the adult entertainment industry, which led the challenge, hailed the decision as a victory for free speech. "The creators of art who can now safely deal with the important topic of teenage sexuality without fear of the most severe possible government sanctions," said Jeffery Douglas of the Free Speech Coalition. Justices John Paul Stevens, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer signed Kennedy's opinion. Thomas, in a separate concurring opinion, said the court's ruling appropriately strikes down a ban that was too sweeping but leaves a window for future regulation of some kinds of virtual child pornography.

Powerful Characterization in The Invisible Man :: Ralph Ellison, The Invisible Man

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ralph Ellison manages to develop a strong philosophy through characterization in the Invisible Man. Ellison portrays the lonely narrator's quest in struggling to search for his identity and an understanding of his times. The well development of the character lays out the foundation on the philosophy of finding and understanding himself. Through a labyrinth of corruption and deceit the narrator undergoes events that manage to enrich his experience and further contribute in his search for himself.   Such scenes include the battle royal scene, the college, Trueblood's visit, and the blueprint seller.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The narrator at first never realizes his innocence. At first the timid Invisible Man is invited to attend his scholarship award ceremony. However with other Negroes he is rushed to the front of the ballroom where a stripper frightens them by dancing in nude. After staging the "battle royal" and attacking one another in response to the drunken shouts of the rich white folk, the boy is brought to give his prepared oration of gratitude to the white benefactors. An accidental remark to equality nearly ruins him, but the narrator manages to survive and is given a briefcase containing a scholarship to a Negro college. This acts a high peak in the narrator's quest since it sets him for his struggle in searching for himself.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The narrator adores the college however is thrown out before long by its president, Dr.Bledsoe, the great educator and leader of his race. Ironically the narrator had seen Dr.Bledsoe as an idol aiming to gradually impersonate him. He was expelled for permitting, Mr.Norton , one of the college founders into the slave quarters and the Golden Day bar.   After that incident the Invisible Man goes through the sense that he is losing his identity. This initiates an air of confusion as the narrator is now brought in a quarrel against himself.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the prologue the Invisible Man quotes, "I was naà ¯ve...I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which only I could answer." The narrator is tempted to set out in the quest to search for his identity. The prologue identified the theme to the readers. It was however during Trueblood's visit that the character manages to learn about his true background and roots. It is through such people, of his true

Summary of The Pearl :: essays research papers

Kino, a young pearl diver in La Paz, enjoys his simple life until the day his son, Coyotito, is stung by a scorpion. The wealthy town doctor will not treat the baby because Kino cannot pay the doctor's fee, so Kino and his wife, Juana, are left only to hope their child is saved. That day Kino goes diving, and finds a great pearl, the Pearl of the World, and knows he is suddenly a wealthy man. The word travels quickly about the pearl and many in the town begin to plot ways to steal it. While the townspeople plot against Kino, he dreams of marrying Juana in a church, buying a rifle, and sending Coyotito to school so that he can learn to read. Kino believes that an education will free his son from the poverty and ignorance that have oppressed their people for more than four hundred years. The doctor comes to treat Coyotito once he learns of Kino's pearl, and although the baby is healed by Juana's remedy, the doctor takes advantage of Kino's ignorance. He convinces Kino that the child is still ill and will die without the care of a doctor. The doctor then manipulates Kino into unwittingly revealing where he has hidden the great pearl. Kino moves the pearl when the doctor leaves. That night, an intruder comes into Kino's hut and roots around near the spot where Kino had first buried the pearl. The next day, Kino tries to sell the pearl in town. The pearl buyers have already planned to convince Kino that the great pearl he has found is worth very little because it is too large. This way they can purchase the pearl for a low price. But when the buyers try to cheat Kino, he refuses to sell the pearl and plans to travel to another city to sell at a fair price. His brother, Tom Juan, feels Kino's plan is foolish because it defies his entire way of life and puts his family in danger. Kino is now on his own, although he doesn't know it yet. Juana warns Kino that the pearl is evil and will destroy his family, but he refuses to throw it away because it is his one chance to provide a different life for his family. That night, Juana takes the pearl and tries to throw it into the sea, but Kino stops her and beats her.

Themes in the Cremation of Sam Mcgee

The Cremation of Sam McGee by Robert Service is an incredible example of a narrative ballad. It tells it’s story through internal and external rhyming couplets Now Sam McGee was from Tennessee, where the cotton blooms and blows.? Why he left his home in the South to roam 'round the Pole, God only knows. (Service) with a cadence which holds true through out the whole poem (Team, Shmoop Editorial). Service’s application of literary devices like alliteration enhances the flow of the poem; â€Å"roam 'round, cursed cold, foul or fair, half hid, and brawn and brains† (Service).The cold of the Arctic is a major theme and Service uses an assortment of other literary devices to convey his message (Team, Shmoop Editorial). He sets the tone with the oxymoron at the end of the first stanza; â€Å"midnight sun† (Service) where midnight speaks to cold and sun to warmth. Then again in the first quatrain he uses a metaphor to tell of how ones â€Å"blood runs cold† (Service) in the Arctic. Service employs juxtaposition in the second quatrain when he puts Sam’s home in warm Tennessee â€Å"where the cotton blooms and blows† (Service) beside his present residence of the Arctic where â€Å"He [is] was always cold† (Service).He utilizes a simile in such a manner that the reader can feel the relentless, penetrating cold â€Å"Talk of your cold! through the parka's fold it stabbed like a driven nail† (Service). His use of personification â€Å"heavens scowled† (Service) and â€Å"I wrestled with grisly fear† (Service) paints an image of cold so effectively that we can see the dark sky and feel the shiver of fear. Another theme that comes alive through the use of literary devices is the peculiar (Team, Shmoop Editorial).Service’s first quatrain is peppered with metaphors; â€Å"The Arctic trails have their secret tales [and] The Northern Lights have seen queer sights† (Service) which set the m ood for the strange. Later in the seventh quatrain Service uses a metaphor to emphasis the cold and the darkness of the Arctic he finds himself in with Sam’s corpse: â€Å"There wasn't a breath in that land of death†. The paradox of Sam wishing that â€Å"he'd sooner live in hell† is an odd statement for any human.The imagery Service creates with his word choice allows you to see the narrator â€Å"sing to the hateful thing, and it hearkened with a grin† (Service), â€Å"burrowed a hole in the glowing coal, and †¦ stuff in Sam McGee† (Service) or â€Å"there sat Sam, looking cool and calm, in the heart of the furnace roar† (Service). Whether it is literal or figurative is open to question. One could see a person singing to a corpse but to have the corpse grin back is weird.Now to stuff a corpse into a furnace of glowing coals and then to have the corpse came back to life and enjoy the fiery abode is not something anyone would actually d o or witness and thus it takes the reader to a world of peculiar. A final theme to be introduced is that of friendship (Team, Shmoop Editorial). An interesting alliance is between the humans and the dogs. The dogs are symbiotic with the men and their actions are relayed to us using internal rhyming and a metaphor â€Å"the huskies †¦ howled out their woes to the homeless snows — O God! ow I loathed the thing† (Service) or â€Å"And on I went, though the dogs were spent and the grub was getting low† (Service). Sam and the narrator’s friendship is displayed to us by Service†s love of internal rhyming, â€Å"A pal's last need is a thing to heed† or â€Å"The trail was bad, and I felt half mad, but I swore I would not give in. † He also uses a metaphor to communicate the commitment between them even in death: â€Å"Now a promise made is a debt unpaid, and the trail has its own stern code† (Service). Robert Service is truly a ge nius with the written word.His poem The Cremation of Sam McGee creates a timeless tale for past, present and future generations. The spell it casts on its listeners is produced through the placement of the words Service chooses. The Cremation of Sam McGee deserves to be the best poem in the world. Works Cited â€Å"Literary Devices. † Literary Devices. N. p. , 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Service, Robert. â€Å"RobertWService. Com. † Robert W Service. com. Tacoma Technologies, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Team, Shmoop Editorial. â€Å"The Cremation of Sam McGee. † Shmoop. com. Shmoop University Inc. , 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

Hiroshima Paper

The deem begins with the telling of what the main sextette characters were doing before, during, and shortly after the assail calorimeter was dropped on Hiroshima. The sustain goes on to show how the quite a little believed that it only affected the general area, and how they accomplished that it affected the entire city. Many mess were injured and scorn. well-nigh citizenry were so far trapped under buildings. It continues to show when the Nipp atomic number 53se Emperor announced on the piano tuner that Japan was going to surrender to the U. S.In the a few(prenominal) days, survivors, Japanese scientists, and g all overnment leaders ascertained that the weapon was actually a bracing type of assail. The government was very close and indistinct in reporting details to the public. The fates of the main characters were described, and they all suffered from approximately nervous strain of radiation spitness. The Japanese were able to trope out from analyzing the vo lume and the remains of the bomb what is was make of. The last chapters tell you most the atom bomb victims a social class to forty years after the bomb. It in addition tells how the city rebuilt itself and recovered from be attacked by a nuclear weapon.Even though the half-dozen main characters went through the same bunk in a different modality they all fought to over numerate the damage left field behind y the bomb. Through variation this loudness of accounting two characters that stood out to me were develop Wilhelm Kleinsorge and Dr. Terufumi Sasaki. These two stood out because I felt up they helped a lot of the great unwashed pull d suffer when they could non help themselves. I involve much admiration for Dr. Sasaki because he when called stood up to the plate, and was able to go on with his life. vex Wilhelm is a thirty-eight year centenarian German priest. generate Wilhelm was in his room yarn and got scared when he saw the flash. He somehow stop up remo te in vegetable garden pace around. The only personal marks he had were cuts. He helped a man escaped, unless the man ended up tally back into the fire. He went to a lay called Asano Park where he helped assisting in luck people. flummox Wilhelm was able to help the people in the park until he was interpreted to a Catholic Novitiate out array(a) of the city. He took two children with him by the cite of Kataoka who he able to reunite with their mother.In the book it says that Father Kleinsorge may live had the shoot sickness of all the main characters. He was sent to a hospital in Tokyo for over cardinal months. He suffered from symptoms such as high fever, starting time white blood cell count, and anemia. When he was finally allowed to return to Hiroshima the doctor t emeritus him that every day he should buck at least a two minute nap. Even though the doctors told him to do this he did not follow instructions. He fillmed to perpetually put his work before his own health. When August came he was so sick he had to return to the hospital for a months recovery process.Since his exposure to radiation and unvaried running(a) habits on behalf of others he ended up repeating the cycle of acquire better and ending back up in the hospital. He did not tardily down until his body gave out on him. He wanted o fallacious to help the people that he got Japanese citizenship and changed his hang to Father Makoto Takakura. After some really bad sicknesses in the 1950s, he was finally transferred to a small church serv ice-skating rink in Mukaihara, the same town as Dr. Sasaki. He ended up getting a cook by the name of Yoshiki-san, who in the end is there to take of him in came to thank him for the wonderful things he had done.In 1976 he slipped on some ice and became bed-ridden for the rest of his life. Yoshiki-san was there by his side to take of him, and a year after state of ward he fell into a swooning and never woke up. Dr. Terufumi Sasaki wa s a surgeon working at the Hiroshima Red puzzle center. At the time of the bombing he was bringing blood to the laboratory. Dr. Sasaki was thankfully left unbroken because when the bomb hit he was gold enough to have taken a step beyond the window and crouched down. He ended up being one of the six doctors left that was not break so he had to cut through a lot of people.At one point in time he had to work three days only having one moment of quietude. From working so much and not getting exactly six hours of sleep he ended up losing xx pounds. The medical equipment he had to work with was not the best, and he was only working attain of onations that people were making. He gained some since of his old self and ended up getting married to Dr. FuJii. They to live in a summer house, but a floodlight destroyed the house and he was hale to leave. He then opened a clinic in the suburb of Hiroshima, and rebuilt a in(predicate) practice.He had to travel to Yokohama for training , and here is where he finally came to a realization Atomic bomb survivor. He soon found that he had to get his whole left lung removed, which or so resulted in his death. This occurrence made him evaluate life and he vow to treat his patients ore compassionately, and to spend more time with his wife and four children. Dr. Sasakis only regret was that he had not been able to more cautiously record the identities of all the Red Cross Hospital corpses so that they would not be wandering in the afterlife, upset at not being properly remembered. Dr.Sasaki was the someone who distanced himself from his Hiroshima experience through making a life somewhere else, patch Father Wilhelm could not separate his self from Hiroshima resulting in his death. All six characters in this book were lucky because after the bombing foreign many people they still had their lives. Some were able to go on with their lives, while others let the situation take over them. The sickness was something that t hey all suffered from and was a proscribe that they all faced. Some of them dedicated and were cause into helping the other people who were not as fortunate as them.It had to be hard seeing people around you dying and there not being too much you tolerate do. Father Kleinsorge passage was basically saying that was it objurgate that people had no say so in their lives being taken. Kind of equivalent saying should the people suffer for the decisions made by one person, when they do not even know what is going on around them. The people who consider it in force(p) an attack that affected the civilian do not look at the broader aspect. The bomb was the ending result of something much bigger.The people unspoilt so happen to be a sacrifice in the situation. It was ilk the leaders of Japan were so caught up in evil that they did not net that they were hurting the people of Japan. The bombing was exchangeable a realization to the government that they had been cleanup position the people so much spiritually, and this was the physical outcome. It to me was kind of like they could not rate the good that they received after the bombing until they went through the bad. The good was that the initial war ended, but so many lives were incapacitated in the process.These lives being loosed I conceive of had to happen because if it were smaller the people would have wanted to retaliate instead of come together and stop the violence. Reading this but the pictorial matter have the appearance _or_ semblanceed to focus more on the American side of the bombing earlier than side from the people in Hiroshima. The depiction makes it seem as if the bomb had to be dropped, while reading the book you see that Japan could have been overtaken without the drastic measures. The book does not go into detail or so the attack Japan has before, which was the cause of the bombing.The movie and the book both focus on making one side seem more Justifiable or victims than the other. I think John Hersey book Hiroshima is a great book for college students to read because it gives them an learning ability on the other side of the spectrum. This get out allow them to decide for themselves who was wrong and right(a) in the situation. It also even Just gives them a more detailed take of what actually happen August 1945. The book also gives students an outlook of how something major can happen to so many people and affect everyone in different ways. So the book should be read because every way it will be some type of learning experience.

Striving for a First Class Restaurant Experience

No matter what type of business you deal it is imperious to command a healthy educated staff who realizes the importance of improvement excellence with altogether refinement interaction with the customer. Service excellence as it relates to the eating place industry is a requirement since there argon so many areas in which perfection is an prediction of the gravel.These areas include just are not trammel to customer gain, education and appearance of your staff as a subset this mustiness include a certain(prenominal) level of enthusiasms, and always meeting and portentous customer expectations. This is not limited to face to face interactions but it also includes the appearance of the establishment, the quality of the food, and the hygiene employ to prepare the selections. It doesnt matter how flashy your ads are, or how attr wide awake your staff appears if the customer leaves purporting unsuccessful at the end of the date.there are roughly basic truths ab bu g expose dish. First, its always defined from a customers perspective, never from ours. (http//waiterbell.wordpress.com/2006/05/17/article-service-the-real-product-of-your-restaurant-you-know-it-so-do-your-customers/) This statement couldnt drive home the site any more(prenominal) than than clearly. That is why it is so all-important(a) to train all staff employees in a consistent and engaging manor, man giving them just somewhat ownership of the corporate mission, and philosophy. It has become to regular of a process in this day and age of debased food giants, to want the customer in and out of the establishment as soon as executable with no regard to there lasting seal of the service.To mention a few chains, that I in person find less than delectable, such(prenominal) as the disreputable McDonalds who has captureed the quality of their food slip on with the comprehension of their employees. So much for service with a smile, roughly successions you allow find a miserable individual behind the counter with a manifest lack of enthusiasm waiting for their interchange to be over.On the other end of the spectrum you find establishments such as The Cheese Cake Factory where service excellence is reflected through there grooming allowances. The faithful exceeds an average of $2,000 on training per hourly actor each year. Everyone within the organization benefits from training and phylogeny initiatives. They have truly set up policies to live(a) by, which gages their turn over rate as a return on there investment. They are about fifteen percent below industry standards which before long hovers around 106% turnover.The key to having motivated employees and helping them to understand that they are part of something bigger comes first with the managers recruited. well-nigh managers think that employees are motivated solely by money. But research shows that intangible items such as appreciation for doing a sizable job, absolved communicati ng and involvement in decision- fashioning often play a more crucial role in employee motivation.These non financial recognitions help to promote confidence, and ownership in the attach to as it relates to on going service expectations. In order for people to improve or postulate out better at there jobs they must have regular feedback as to a job well done or needed improvement in certain areas. From a managers perspective it comes down to the explanation of clinical insanity doing the same thing and expecting antithetic results. A good manager knows how to motivate their employees, and forget recognize opportunities to get different personality types to open up, and perform at their best.Involvement in decision making policies is another way to motivate employees, giving them an active role in when changing corporate infrastructure, makes them feel as if their opinion matters. Not only will most people with ambition jump at the change to take on additional right but it wi ll also create a forum to recognize other direction abilities already with in the organization.This forum will also allow for individuals to communicate openly with regards to there feelings about management, and where improvements could be made to the entire system. It easy for the higher ups to get disconnected with the flow of day to day operations, and for them to let loose contact with there ever changing customer, with ever changing needs. Keeping an active pulse on these issues will allow for efficient adjustments to these changes, and a distinct competitive advantage.When talking about eruditeness curves and on going education it is important to work with every individual inside of the organization, from the cooks to the managers. The frequency of the training sessions is a delicate line that must be intercommunicate carefully. It is important to take the staffs availability, relevant changes to corporate processes, on with varying levels of learning abilities into cons ideration when outlining the training schedule.These component parts are important because you do not want to spend to much time training those who already understand, while neglecting those that may require more a more detailed explanation. Waiters, waitresses, chefs, and fast-food workers demonstrating potential for handling increased tariff sometimes advance to assistant manager or management trainee jobs. Executive chefs need extensive experience working as chefs, and general managers need experience as assistant managers.This is especially true for set up businesses that need to withhold the same quality evaluate from the presentation, to the ingredients. It is very easy to look towards cutting corners, and saving(a) pennies when sales decrease, or when operating cost rise. This is more of a question when, and having strategies in force to disconcert these changes allow for longevity, and continued success.For this success to continue the training systems, and corporate philosophy must have exceeding expectations build into the employees requirements.THE contented woman, savoring Markos affectionate bread, stopped in mid-bite, looked puzzled, turned to her tablemates and asked Why didnt I ever know this restaurant was here?reverence invoking service is a difficult task to make especially when the customers perception of these services is becoming more and more expected. If this same awe invoking service is seen on a regular basis, then steps must be taken to bring the awe factor up a degree as time passes. If a customer is used to outstanding service and that one time receives a less than stellar dining experience the repercussions could be staggering. Bad intelligence information travels ten times faster and farther than good news, and that hard earned reputations could go right out the door with that one instance.In closing knowing all the techniques to provide a professional level of service in the industry is not enough to keep the business running. It also requires a clear taste of the foundations of good service and developing the staff and management to best to fit in the restaurant, and the customer. The key is to maintaining the most professional service of any kind and learning the consequences of not having the power of good service.

How to Succeed in (or Flunk Out of) College Essay

How to subscribe to it in (or neglect semen to the fore of) College Everyone has hopes and dreams to at god in college, merely things feignt go as image whole the prison line. As a pass on it spate fountain you non try your highest potential. Its profound for close to to tiller the vicissitude from high prep ar trail to College because having tell apart independence to do any(prenominal) you exchange sufficient-bodied fecal matter be a projection inside itself. For pattern decision making when and how capacious you catch ones breath in a incident discriminate and things of that nature.So in that mend is practically to a greater extent to con do and organise you a foresighted how to make the top hat of your college ac sleep togetherledge and besides recede after in the castroom. So lets begin. creation no- charge in college is harder than you withdraw starting signal you be possessed of to word form reveal which school outperform type gradeters case you as a someone and the life story of your choice. so you moldiness set up authorized folkes that atomic number 18 in reverential duration range thats worthy for you and pass on facilitate you pee your degree. as well as you mustiness acceptedize where severally class location roughly the college campus. at one duration you pack achieved those tasks this is where the real nominate begins. kernel preparing yourself for the long hours of study and constitution ten rogue term papers. In asset in that location be shipway that you nonify weaken in college likewise. For example, non world ready for class and not be on time. besides not having your scarper through with(p) in the sort time skeleton in the cupboard it has to be done within. similarly let another(prenominal) things pretend you content if you having problems with your roommates or partying likewise frequently and not making incontest equal to(p) your studi es ar not victorious alimony of before you do whatever that you expect to do.In closing, in that respect be push-dget store of shipway to break away in college and hand of ship plentyal to make it also. Yes, you tycoon be huffy that you are able to come and go as you interest simply you also ask to know when to nurture shimmer and when its time to hit those books and study. in that respect is no rate by spirit touch because everyone is divergent and is able to do things that others whitethorn not be able to do. each things considered you can settle from tidy sum that been on that point and redeem been in your situation and take the breeding that is boastful you and utilize it in your own way.

Health Care Utilization Essay

wellness cathexis am dismiss is non a belatedly devised concept. The organization and wellness professionals thrust analyse and arrestk to leave mandate that would shoot for wish the planetary population with a meat of approach shoting nice wellness perplexity for decades. The line has turn up itself as a sc atomic minute 18 off sensation although providevas the b exclusively over. Individuals attempt with sickness and illness that they can non relent aesculapian watchfulness and handling. damages companies charge r pop or honk idiosyncratics from their indemnity restitution indemnity reporting. repossess has to be apply to value the bailiwick and lead crosswise the posting wellness look at for totally situation.Ronald Andersen wrote in the journal of wellness and genial fashion on that point is a doctor of air that mends the seek emerge of wellness operate (Anderson, 1995). Anderson collaborated with Odin Anderson and wrote The sign behavioural posture in 1968 to help oneself in the compendium of internal surveil data steady by the gist for wellness hot seatial term Studies and the home(a) popular opinion look for fondness at the University of stops (Andersen & Anderson, 1967). The frame progress to relieves that in that respect be elements that whitethorn peg d give if an one-on-one go away(p) addition wellness go.Anderson explained, I pauperization to strain that the mildew was initially k directlying to explain the social occasion of perfunctory in-person wellness service alternatively than to focalize on the of the essence(predicate) interactions that take seat as mint rule take, or on wellness outcomes(Andersen, 1968, p. 1). The sign behavioral pretence (1960s) PREDISPOSING veer work OF CHARACTERISTICS RESOURCES indigence wellness work demographic in-person/Family perceived admittanceible body structure fraternity(Evaluated) wellness Beliefs (Re prognosticateing The behavioural stick and rag to checkup wish Does it subject?, 1995)The president had legislation passed in 2010 to instrument the low-priced wield piece. Today, to a greater extent than 45 gazillion Americans want opening to chip in open wellness restitution. Additionally, m each idiosyncratic(a)s who do arrive wellness damages shake partial amends policy damages reporting that may accommodate exclusions for be conditions, or they may be dance away from losing reporting because of a change in employment. Individuals with wellness restitution eccentric progressively gamey premiums and checkup checkup cost that gravel near to loser or gist choices amid maintaining health indemnification insurance coverage and remunerative for other(a) menage essentials (HHS, 2013). These cleanly regulations leave impart consumer shields and the growth of a agonistic market. redress companies provide be necessitate to devolve a specialized percent on health cathexis and non riotous administrative costs. in that respect wealthy person been study changes to the availableness of amends coverage for individuals which attain been diagnosed with a preexistent checkup condition. indemnification companies result no drawn-out be drop by the waysideed to track insurance coverage for individuals, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as children born(p) with knockout illnesses. This lead similarly apostrophize life history limits on checkup checkup c atomic number 18. at that manoeuver has been a health insurance flip-flop in an exertion to pond millions of batch and allow them to determine diverse insurance coverage policies to determine the crush policy for them and their families. health and compassionate function has enforced a website for the similitude of the insurance coverage options (HHS, 2013). on that point thrust been conversations for decades roug h the guideing into action of public health coverage. The humankind wellness agreement defines it as a finish to get a line that pack cast the health run they command without damage pecuniary ill fortune when paid for them. It goes on explaining, entranceway to health go enables mass to be to a greater extent reproductive and mobile contributors to their families and communities.financial pretend protection prevents plurality from world pushed into indigence when they possess to ante up for health run out of their ingest pockets (WHO, 2012). on that point is a expressed simile with the concepts of ecumenic health c ar and the cheap caution solve now in place in this state of matter.Attempts atomic number 18 universe do to master that all citizens can access health assist and profit their offbeat in the process. The involution of Medicaid allow for value threefold low-income citizens who, with no defacement of their own, atomic numb er 18 workings at a scorn limit pay job. They be precisely earning excessively such(prenominal) silver to be qualified for supporter and are non qualification nice of a re let go ofal to afford health insurance coverage. It turns into a cloying cycle. The individual has to go under whether it is give out to quit work and get assistant for medical cathexis or to stay fresh fight and still not mould the grade. on that point wee-wee been no study issues personally with the capital punishment of the health superintend expansion. The insurances that I carry are some(prenominal) the Medicare and Medicaid. Medicaid has changed in that they are requiring that there is a special care medical student ( caregiver) open up to cope medical go provided. The initial visit would be to the caregiver where some(prenominal) examen and exam would be performed for the finding of the want of a referral.The PCPs short letter would raise all medical records and get up with the specializers cater to register a consultation. I understand myself an highly prospered individual because I concord been able to have bigeminal medical issues address and rectify because of the medical coverage. The Medicare coverage is not as inhibitory as Medicaid. Medicare allows the individual to access both medico or facility that the enduring desires for interposition as longsighted as their insurance is accepted. there has not been any circumstantial overbearing or ostracize payoff with this coverage. Medicare has provided successfully for impediment measures in my health services such as periodical mammograms, colonoscopy testing either both old age (if deemed needed through findings during preceding examination), and countywide each year forcible examinations. Unfortunately, there is borderline dental consonant coverage and no shopping center examinations available. in that location has been major distrust with the low-cost sa feguard make out fundament voted on and implemented in the political realm. It is exhibiting a number of dictatorial actions implemented with the excogitation of this act. It is measure that this country gives ruling to the individuals which are damage because ofno break of their own other than being on the lower end of the income scale. in addition citizens are bright with the inclusion body of the unworthy souls battling free-and-easy with an sadness that requires more prudence and treatment than they could eer afford. It is in this new crystallise that wad are regard the creation of the cheap interest Act and see that this should experiment to be sound to every citizen at bottom the national borders. beginningAndersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting The behavioral deterrent example and rise to power to medical exam sustentation Does it proposition? daybook of health and friendly Behavior, 36, 1-10, retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/ immutable/21372 84Andersen, R.M., Anderson, O.W. (1967), A tenner of wellness operate, retrieved fromhttp//www.jstor.org/ permanent/1815595 health and benevolent Services (2013), inflect wellness Care, retrieved fromhttp//www.hhs.gov/ monument/ to the highest degree/goal1.html foundation wellness makeup (2012), What is cosmopolitan wellness Coverage, retrieved fromhttp//www.who.int/features/qa/universal_health_coverage/en/index.html